Discover How Long Flu Germs Live on Surfaces | Stay Informed

how long do flu germs live on surfaces

Discover How Long Flu Germs Live on Surfaces | Stay Informed

Do you know how long flu germs can survive on surfaces? Stay informed and discover the duration of flu germs on objects and the lifespan of flu germs outside the body.

Key Takeaways:

  • Flu germs, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19, can survive on different surfaces for varying lengths of time.
  • Research has shown that the virus can last on non-porous surfaces like glass or stainless steel for a few days to a few weeks.
  • On clothing, the virus can survive for less than eight hours.
  • Factors like temperature and humidity also affect the survival of the virus on surfaces.
  • Washing clothes in hot water using detergent can eliminate the virus.
  • It is important to follow CDC guidelines to prevent the spread of COVID-19, such as getting vaccinated, practicing social distancing, wearing masks, and washing hands regularly.
  • Flu vaccines are updated annually and are recommended to reduce the risk of getting sick.

Understanding the Survival Time of Flu Germs on Different Materials

Flu germs can have varying survival times on different materials, so it’s crucial to know how long flu viruses can last on surfaces. Research has shown that the virus can survive on non-porous surfaces like glass or stainless steel for a few days to a few weeks. This means that objects such as doorknobs, countertops, and electronic devices can potentially harbor flu germs for an extended period.

On porous materials like clothing, the virus tends to have a shorter lifespan, surviving for less than eight hours. However, it’s important to note that the survival time can vary depending on the specific fabric and environmental conditions. Washing clothes in hot water using detergent can effectively eliminate the virus, ensuring that your garments are germ-free.

Factors like temperature and humidity also play a role in the survival of flu germs on surfaces. Higher temperatures and lower humidity levels tend to reduce the viability of the virus. This is why it’s crucial to maintain a clean and hygienic environment, especially during flu season or times of increased viral transmission.

Material Survival Time of Flu Germs
Glass or Stainless Steel A few days to a few weeks
Clothing Less than eight hours

To protect yourself and others from the flu, it is important to follow guidelines provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This includes getting vaccinated annually, practicing social distancing, wearing masks in public settings, and washing your hands regularly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. These preventive measures can significantly reduce the transmission of flu germs and help keep you and your loved ones safe.

Factors Affecting the Persistence of Flu Germs on Surfaces

Several factors can influence how long flu germs can persist on surfaces, impacting the potential for transmission. Research has shown that the survival time of flu germs on objects can vary based on the type of surface, temperature, humidity, and other environmental conditions.

A study conducted by the National Institutes of Health found that flu viruses can survive on non-porous surfaces like glass or stainless steel for a few days to a few weeks. However, on porous surfaces such as clothing, the virus tends to survive for a shorter duration, typically less than eight hours.

Temperature and humidity also play a role in the viability of flu germs on surfaces. Higher temperatures and lower humidity levels tend to decrease the survival time of the virus, while lower temperatures and higher humidity can prolong its persistence.

It is important to note that the flu virus, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19, can be inactivated or eliminated by proper cleaning and disinfection practices. Washing clothes in hot water with detergent can effectively eliminate the virus, and regular cleaning and disinfection of frequently touched surfaces can help reduce the risk of transmission.

Type of Surface Survival Time
Glass or Stainless Steel A few days to a few weeks
Clothing Less than eight hours

To prevent the spread of flu germs and COVID-19, it is crucial to follow CDC guidelines, including getting vaccinated, practicing social distancing, wearing masks, and washing hands regularly. By taking these preventive measures and staying informed about the survival time of flu germs on surfaces, you can help protect yourself and those around you.

Protecting Against Flu Germs and COVID-19

Taking proactive measures to prevent the transmission of flu germs and COVID-19 is crucial in safeguarding your health and the well-being of those around you. As flu germs, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus, can survive on different surfaces for varying periods of time, it is important to adhere to the guidelines set forth by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

One of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of flu germs and COVID-19 is by getting vaccinated. Flu vaccines are updated annually and are recommended to reduce the risk of getting sick. They not only help reduce the severity of the illness but also prevent the transmission of the virus to others.

The best time to get a flu shot is at the beginning of flu season, but not too early. It is important to note that the flu shot does not contain live virus, except for the nasal spray form which is weakened and cannot cause illness. Most people can get the flu shot at no personal cost through insurance or free or low-cost programs. However, high-risk populations such as seniors, pregnant women, and young children are especially vulnerable to flu complications and are strongly recommended to get vaccinated.

In addition to getting vaccinated, it is crucial to follow other preventive measures recommended by the CDC. These include practicing social distancing, wearing masks in public settings, and washing hands regularly for at least 20 seconds with soap and water. By adhering to these guidelines and taking proactive measures, we can collectively reduce the transmission potential of flu germs on surfaces and prevent the spread of COVID-19.

Preventive Measures to Reduce Flu Transmission
• Get vaccinated
• Practice social distancing
• Wear masks in public settings
• Wash hands regularly for at least 20 seconds
• Avoid close contact with sick individuals

The Role of Flu Vaccines in Reducing the Risk

Getting vaccinated against the flu is an effective way to reduce the risk of getting sick and prevent the spread of the virus. Flu vaccines are updated annually to target the most common strains of the flu virus, providing protection against potential outbreaks. By getting vaccinated, you not only safeguard yourself but also contribute to the overall community immunity, especially for those who cannot receive the vaccine, such as infants or individuals with weakened immune systems.

Flu vaccines have been proven to reduce the severity of the illness, even if you do get infected. They can alleviate symptoms and prevent complications that may require hospitalization. Vaccines work by priming your immune system to recognize and fight off the flu virus more effectively, helping your body mount a strong defense.

One important thing to note is that the flu shot does not contain live virus, except for the nasal spray form, which is weakened and cannot cause illness. It is safe for most people and recommended for high-risk groups such as seniors, pregnant women, and young children. Many insurance plans cover the cost of flu vaccines, and there are also free or low-cost programs available to ensure accessibility for everyone.

Who Should Get Vaccinated? Why?
Seniors (65 years and older) Higher risk of flu complications
Pregnant women Protect both mother and baby
Young children Reduce the risk of severe illness

In summary, getting vaccinated against the flu is paramount in reducing the risk of illness and preventing the transmission of the virus. By taking this simple step, you not only protect yourself but also contribute to the well-being of your community. Stay informed, get vaccinated, and take proactive measures to keep yourself and your loved ones healthy during flu season.

Timing of Flu Shots

Timing your flu shot is essential for optimal protection, and it’s important to know that the flu shot does not contain live virus. The best time to get a flu shot is at the beginning of flu season, usually around September or October. This allows your body enough time to build immunity before flu activity increases in your community. However, it’s also important not to get the flu shot too early, as the protection may wane over time.

Flu shots are typically available from healthcare providers, pharmacies, and community vaccination clinics. Most people can get the flu shot at no personal cost through insurance or free or low-cost programs. Senior citizens, pregnant women, and young children are at higher risk of flu complications, and it is especially important for them to get vaccinated.

It’s worth noting that the flu shot does not contain live viruses, except for the nasal spray form, which is weakened and cannot cause illness. The flu shot stimulates your immune system to produce antibodies against the flu viruses in the vaccine. These antibodies provide protection against the flu viruses that are most likely to circulate during the flu season.

By getting your flu shot at the right time, you can help reduce your risk of getting sick, lessen the severity of the illness if you do get infected, and prevent the transmission of the virus to others. Remember to consult with your healthcare provider or pharmacist to determine the best timing for your flu shot and ensure you are taking the necessary steps to protect yourself and your loved ones.

Accessibility and Importance of Flu Shots

Getting a flu shot is often accessible at no personal cost through insurance or free or low-cost programs, and it is especially crucial for those at higher risk of flu complications. Seniors, pregnant women, and young children are among the groups that are more vulnerable to severe illness and complications from the flu. By getting vaccinated, individuals in these high-risk categories can significantly reduce their chances of experiencing severe symptoms or developing complications.

One of the key benefits of flu shots is that they are updated annually to match the most prevalent strains of the flu virus. This ensures that the vaccine provides effective protection against the specific influenza strains circulating in a given year. Vaccination not only reduces the risk of getting sick but also helps to prevent the transmission of the virus to others who may be more susceptible to severe illness.

Flu shots are readily available through various channels, including healthcare providers, pharmacies, and community clinics. The Australian government also runs vaccination programs to increase accessibility and promote widespread immunization. These programs aim to reach populations that may face barriers, such as financial constraints or limited access to healthcare services.

Free or Low-cost Vaccination Programs

The government provides free flu shots for eligible individuals, including those aged 65 years and older, pregnant women, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 6 months and older. Additionally, some states and territories offer free vaccinations for children under the age of 5 years. Other individuals who may have a higher risk of flu complications, such as those with chronic medical conditions, may also be eligible for free or subsidized vaccination.

It is important to check with your local healthcare provider or government health department for information on vaccination programs and eligibility criteria. By taking advantage of these programs, you can protect yourself, your loved ones, and the wider community from the flu and its potential complications.

Groups Eligible for Free Flu Shots Groups Eligible for Low-cost Flu Shots
Seniors (65 years and older) Adults (under 65 years) with chronic medical conditions
Pregnant women Household contacts of individuals at high risk of flu complications
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (aged 6 months and older) Healthcare workers
Children under 5 years (in some states and territories) Essential service workers

By understanding the accessibility of flu shots and availing oneself of the available programs, you can contribute to a healthier and more resilient community. Remember, getting vaccinated not only protects yourself but also plays a crucial role in reducing the overall burden of influenza on the healthcare system and safeguarding the well-being of those who are most vulnerable.

Recognizing Flu Symptoms

Recognizing the symptoms of the flu is vital for prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The flu, also known as influenza, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by different strains of flu viruses. It can affect people of all ages and can lead to severe complications, especially among high-risk populations.

Common symptoms of the flu include:

  • Fever: A high body temperature, often above 100°F (37.8°C).
  • Sore throat: A painful or scratchy feeling in the throat.
  • Cough: A dry or productive cough that can be persistent.
  • Tiredness: A general feeling of fatigue or exhaustion.
  • Body aches: Muscle or joint pain throughout the body.

It is important to note that not everyone with the flu will experience all of these symptoms. Some individuals may have milder symptoms, while others may develop more severe complications.

Symptom Severity
Fever Mild to high
Sore throat Mild to moderate
Cough Mild to severe
Tiredness Mild to severe
Body aches Mild to severe

If you experience any flu-like symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention and get tested for the flu. Early diagnosis allows for appropriate treatment and helps prevent the spread of the virus to others. Your healthcare provider may recommend rest, fluids, and over-the-counter medications to relieve symptoms. In some cases, antiviral medications may be prescribed to shorten the duration of the illness and reduce the risk of complications.

Remember, prevention is key in reducing the transmission of the flu. Stay informed about the latest guidelines from health authorities, practice good hygiene, and consider getting vaccinated to protect yourself and those around you. By recognizing the symptoms of the flu and taking prompt action, you can help limit the impact of the virus and ensure a quicker recovery.

Potential Complications and High-Risk Populations

The flu can lead to serious complications, particularly among high-risk populations, underscoring the need for preventive measures. High-risk populations include individuals with weakened immune systems, such as older adults, young children, pregnant women, and individuals with underlying health conditions such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease. These individuals are more susceptible to developing severe flu symptoms and are at a higher risk of complications, including pneumonia, bronchitis, sinus infections, and worsening of existing chronic conditions.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the flu can also increase the risk of hospitalization and even death in certain populations. For example, adults over the age of 65 are at a higher risk of flu-related hospitalization and death. Pregnant women are more prone to severe illness due to changes in their immune system, heart, and lungs during pregnancy. Young children, especially those under the age of 2, have a higher risk of developing complications from the flu.

Preventing flu complications among high-risk populations requires a multi-faceted approach. Vaccination is a crucial preventive measure that can significantly reduce the risk of infection and severe illness. Keeping up with annual flu vaccinations is recommended, as flu strains change each year, and the vaccine is updated to provide protection against the circulating strains. High-risk individuals should consult their healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate vaccine formulation and timing.

High-Risk Populations Preventive Measures
Older adults – Annual flu vaccination
– Practicing good hygiene
Avoiding close contact with sick individuals
Pregnant women – Annual flu vaccination (safe for pregnant women)
– Practicing good hygiene
Avoiding close contact with sick individuals
Young children – Annual flu vaccination (age-appropriate)
– Practicing good hygiene
Avoiding close contact with sick individuals
Individuals with underlying conditions – Annual flu vaccination
– Proper management of underlying conditions
– Practicing good hygiene
– Avoiding close contact with sick individuals

In addition to vaccination, other preventive measures can help reduce the risk of flu complications among high-risk populations. Practicing good hygiene, including frequent handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, using hand sanitizers when soap and water are not available, and avoiding touching the face, can help prevent the spread of the virus. It is also important for high-risk individuals to avoid close contact with individuals who are sick or showing flu-like symptoms.

By taking these preventive measures, high-risk populations can significantly reduce their chances of contracting the flu and experiencing severe complications. It is crucial for individuals in these groups to prioritize their health and seek guidance from healthcare professionals to ensure they are taking the necessary precautions to protect themselves and those around them.

Diagnosing the Flu

Diagnosing the flu involves a thorough evaluation of symptoms, physical examination, and potentially flu tests for confirmation. If you suspect you have the flu, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis.

Symptoms assessment: During a flu diagnosis, your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and their duration. Common flu symptoms include fever, sore throat, cough, tiredness, and body aches. They may also inquire about any recent exposure to individuals with flu-like symptoms.

Physical examination: Your healthcare provider will conduct a physical examination to assess your overall health and look for signs of flu. They may check your temperature, examine your throat, and listen to your lungs for any abnormalities.

Common Flu Symptoms Duration
Fever Usually lasts 3 to 4 days
Sore throat May persist for a few days
Cough Can last up to 2 weeks
Tiredness May persist for weeks
Body aches Typically last 3 to 5 days

Flu tests: In some cases, your healthcare provider may recommend flu tests to confirm the diagnosis. These tests involve taking samples from your nose, throat, or respiratory secretions, which are then sent to a laboratory for analysis. Flu tests can determine the specific strain of the flu virus you have.

“If you suspect you have the flu, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis.”

Diagnosing the flu accurately is crucial for appropriate treatment and to reduce the risk of complications. If you test positive for the flu, your healthcare provider may recommend rest, fluids, over-the-counter pain relievers, and antiviral medications if necessary. It’s essential to follow your healthcare provider’s guidance and take preventive measures to protect yourself and others from further transmission.

Treatment and Management of the Flu

Treating the flu involves rest, staying hydrated, and, in some cases, the use of antiviral medications as prescribed. Rest is crucial as it allows your body to recover and fight off the infection. Make sure to get plenty of sleep and avoid overexertion. Staying hydrated is also important as it helps to alleviate symptoms and prevent dehydration. Drink plenty of fluids, such as water, herbal tea, and clear broths.

In certain cases, your doctor may prescribe antiviral medications to help shorten the duration and severity of the flu. These medications work by inhibiting the replication of the virus in your body. It is essential to take the medication as prescribed and complete the full course, even if you start feeling better. Antiviral medications are most effective when taken within the first 48 hours of symptom onset, so it is important to seek medical attention promptly if you suspect you have the flu.

Treatment and Management of the Flu Benefits
Rest Allows the body to recover and fight the infection
Hydration Alleviates symptoms and prevents dehydration
Antiviral medications Shortens the duration and severity of the flu

It is important to remember that antibiotics do not work against viral infections like the flu. They are only effective against bacterial infections. If you are prescribed antiviral medications, make sure to follow your doctor’s instructions and take them as directed. If you have any concerns or questions about your treatment, don’t hesitate to consult with your healthcare provider.

In addition to rest, hydration, and medication, there are other measures you can take to manage the flu. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help alleviate fever, sore throat, and body aches. However, it is important to follow the recommended dosage and consult with your doctor or pharmacist if you have any underlying medical conditions or are taking other medications. Using a humidifier or taking steamy showers can also help relieve congestion and ease breathing.

It is important to note that the flu can lead to complications, especially in high-risk populations. If you or a loved one experience severe symptoms or difficulty breathing, seek immediate medical attention. Your healthcare provider will be able to assess your condition and provide appropriate treatment.

Preventive Measures to Reduce Flu Transmission

Taking preventive measures is crucial in reducing the transmission of the flu and protecting yourself and others. By implementing simple yet effective practices in your daily life, you can significantly lower the risk of contracting and spreading the flu virus. Here are some key preventive measures to follow:

  • Frequent handwashing: Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after coughing, sneezing, or being in public places. If soap and water are not available, use a hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol content.
  • Avoiding close contact: Stay away from individuals who are sick and maintain a distance of at least 1.5 meters from others, especially in crowded areas. Avoid handshakes and consider alternative greeting methods like waving or nodding.
  • Wearing masks: Wear a mask, particularly in situations where social distancing may be difficult to maintain or when local health authorities recommend mask usage. Masks help prevent respiratory droplets from spreading to others.
  • Getting the flu shot: Vaccination is a crucial step in reducing the risk of getting sick and preventing the transmission of flu viruses. The flu shot is updated annually to protect against the most common strains. It is suitable for most individuals and is often available at no personal cost through insurance or free or low-cost programs.

Additional Measures to Consider

In addition to the above preventive measures, there are other precautions you can take to keep yourself and your loved ones safe:

  1. Practicing respiratory hygiene: Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing. Dispose of used tissues properly and wash your hands immediately afterward.
  2. Maintaining a clean environment: Regularly clean and disinfect frequently-touched objects and surfaces, such as doorknobs, light switches, and electronic devices. Use appropriate cleaning products and follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
  3. Staying home when you’re sick: If you experience flu-like symptoms, such as fever, cough, or body aches, it’s important to stay home and avoid close contact with others. Rest, take care of yourself, and seek medical attention if necessary.

Remember, prevention is key in protecting yourself and others from the flu. By incorporating these preventive measures into your daily routine, you can help minimize the spread of flu viruses and contribute to a healthier community.

Take Action to Keep Your Home Germ-Free

Take action to create a germ-free environment in your home and ensure the well-being of your family. Keeping your home clean and hygienic is essential, especially during flu season. By following simple preventive measures, you can minimize the risk of flu germs spreading and protect your loved ones.

Start by maintaining regular cleaning routines. Focus on frequently touched surfaces such as doorknobs, light switches, countertops, and tables. Use disinfectant wipes or sprays to thoroughly clean these areas, paying attention to any visible dirt or residue. Don’t forget to clean electronic devices like phones, keyboards, and remote controls.

In addition to cleaning, it’s important to practice good hygiene habits. Encourage everyone in your household to wash their hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. Use hand sanitizers with at least 60% alcohol content when soap and water are not readily available. Remind family members to avoid touching their face, especially their eyes, nose, and mouth, as this can help prevent the entry of germs into their bodies.

Preventive Measures to Keep Your Home Germ-Free
Regularly clean frequently touched surfaces with disinfectant wipes or sprays
Wash hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds
Use hand sanitizers with at least 60% alcohol content when soap and water are not available
Avoid touching your face, especially your eyes, nose, and mouth
Wear masks and practice social distancing when interacting with individuals outside your household
Keep your home well-ventilated by opening windows and using fans or air purifiers
Encourage sick family members to stay home, rest, and seek medical advice if necessary

Lastly, it is crucial to follow public health guidelines to prevent the transmission of flu germs. Wear masks and practice social distancing when interacting with individuals outside your household. Keep your home well-ventilated by opening windows and using fans or air purifiers to improve air circulation. If anyone in your household shows symptoms of the flu, encourage them to stay home, rest, and seek medical advice if necessary.

By taking these proactive steps, you can create a safe and healthy living environment for you and your family. Remember, prevention is key in minimizing the spread of flu germs and protecting the well-being of those you care about.

Conclusion

By understanding how long flu germs can live on surfaces and implementing preventive measures, you can safeguard your health and the health of those around you.

Research has shown that flu germs, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19, can survive on different surfaces for varying lengths of time. Non-porous surfaces like glass or stainless steel can harbor the virus for a few days to a few weeks, while clothing can retain the virus for less than eight hours. However, washing clothes in hot water with detergent can effectively eliminate the virus.

It is crucial to follow the guidelines provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to prevent the spread of COVID-19. These guidelines include getting vaccinated, practicing social distancing, wearing masks, and washing hands regularly. Flu vaccines are updated annually and are highly recommended to reduce the risk of getting sick. They not only mitigate the severity of the illness but also prevent the transmission of the virus to others. It is important to note that the flu shot does not contain live virus, except for the nasal spray form which is weakened and cannot cause illness.

Most people can receive the flu shot at no personal cost through insurance or free or low-cost programs. However, certain high-risk populations, such as seniors, pregnant women, and young children, are especially encouraged to get vaccinated due to their higher susceptibility to flu complications.

Recognizing the symptoms of the flu, which can vary from person to person but commonly include fever, sore throat, cough, tiredness, and body aches, is crucial for early intervention. Diagnosis can be confirmed through symptoms assessment, physical examination, and flu tests. Treatment typically involves rest, fluids, and, in some cases, antiviral medications as prescribed by a healthcare professional.

Preventive measures play a critical role in reducing the transmission of the flu virus. Frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with individuals who are sick, and receiving the flu shot are effective strategies in preventing infection. By taking proactive measures and staying informed, you can help protect yourself and your loved ones from the flu.

Remember, knowledge is power. Stay informed, follow guidelines, and take action to keep yourself and your home germ-free. Together, we can overcome the challenges posed by flu germs and safeguard our well-being.

FAQ

Q: How long can flu germs survive on different surfaces?

A: Flu germs, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19, can survive on non-porous surfaces like glass or stainless steel for a few days to a few weeks. On clothing, the virus can survive for less than eight hours.

Q: What factors affect the survival of flu germs on surfaces?

A: Factors like temperature and humidity can affect the survival of flu germs on surfaces.

Q: How can I eliminate the virus from my clothes?

A: Washing clothes in hot water with detergent can eliminate the virus.

Q: What steps can I take to prevent the spread of COVID-19?

A: It is important to follow CDC guidelines, including getting vaccinated, practicing social distancing, wearing masks, and washing hands regularly.

Q: How can flu vaccines reduce the risk of getting sick?

A: Flu vaccines are updated annually and are recommended to reduce the risk of getting sick. They can also help reduce the severity of the illness and prevent the transmission of the virus to others.

Q: When is the best time to get a flu shot?

A: The best time to get a flu shot is at the beginning of flu season, but not too early.

Q: Are flu shots safe?

A: Yes, flu shots are safe. They do not contain live virus, except for the nasal spray form which is weakened and cannot cause illness.

Q: Can I get a flu shot for free?

A: Most people can get the flu shot at no personal cost through insurance or free or low-cost programs.

Q: Who is at higher risk of flu complications?

A: Seniors, pregnant women, and young children are at higher risk of flu complications and are recommended to get vaccinated.

Q: What are the common symptoms of the flu?

A: Common symptoms of the flu can include fever, sore throat, cough, tiredness, and body aches.

Q: What are the potential complications of the flu?

A: The flu can cause serious complications, especially among high-risk populations.

Q: How is the flu diagnosed?

A: Diagnosis of the flu can be determined through symptoms assessment, physical examination, and flu tests.

Q: How is the flu treated?

A: Treatment for the flu includes rest, fluids, and antiviral medications if prescribed.

Q: What preventive measures can I take to reduce flu transmission?

A: Preventive measures such as frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and getting the flu shot can help reduce the transmission of the virus.

Q: How can I keep my home germ-free?

A: Taking actions like regularly cleaning and practicing good hygiene can help keep your home germ-free.

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